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Knit Production Basics
KPB004B
Understand industry techniques to enhance your design flexibilty.
Delivery
Online
Course
Level
Beginner
Duration
1 hour
Price
$59 AUD
Course Overview
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Overview
This short course, Knit Production Basics, serves as a standalone introduction and a gateway to more advanced studies in knitwear manufacturing. If you are curious about this technology, this is the perfect place to start!
This introductory course is designed to give you a foundational understanding of the core product construction methodologies: Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned, and Complete Garment. You will learn to compare these methods based on their impact on waste, sustainability, and the practical constraints they place on design and production.
Whether you're exploring a potential career path or simply want to understand the fundamentals of how knit products are created, this course provides a valuable starting point.
This course is for you if...
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You are curious about the technical process of knitwear manufacturing and need a clear, non-intimidating place to start. -
You want to gain a foundational ability to compare and contrast the three core construction methods: Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned, and Complete Garment.
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You need to understand the practical trade-offs between production methods, sustainability, and design choices.
Course Curriculum
Core Methods: Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned and Complete Garment
The Knit Production Basics course is designed to provide you with a foundational understanding of product construction methodologies in the knitwear industry. You will examine the three core methods—Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned, and Complete Garment—and learn what fundamentally sets them apart.
Exploring these different construction strategies and their inherent trade-offs in waste and sustainability offers essential knowledge for making informed decisions in both design and production. Gaining these insights helps in understanding the technical, environmental, and creative considerations that govern modern knit manufacturing.
Construction Methods, Waste, and Sustainability
The choice of construction method—whether Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned, or Complete Garment—has a direct and significant impact on the environmental profile of a knit product. This section moves beyond the mechanics of assembly to focus on the ecological trade-offs inherent in each technique.
We will conduct a practical comparison of these methods, specifically analyzing their relationship to material utilization, textile waste generation, and energy consumption. Gaining this comparative insight is essential for professionals aiming to make informed, responsible choices in material sourcing, design, and manufacturing for a more sustainable production model.
Design Constraints and Choices in Fabrication
Every construction method—Cut and Sew, Fully Fashioned, and Complete Garment—comes with a distinct set of technical and logistical limitations that must be understood during the design process. This section moves past the ideal scenario to address the practical constraints imposed by the chosen method, such as machine gauge restrictions, pattern complexity, and production scalability.
We will detail how the capabilities of a manufacturing technology directly influence a product's final design and feasibility. Gaining this insight is crucial for aligning creative vision with technical reality, allowing you to make practical decisions about which construction method is most suitable for a specific product's design, cost targets, and production volume.
Your Instructor
Patricia brings over 15 years of dynamic experience in the circular, flatbed, and seamless knitwear industry, making her a leading expert in the field.
Her career has seen her excel in a variety of roles—product developer, designer, technician, programmer, and lecturer—giving her a rare and diverse skill set. With a strong foundation in both science and textiles, Patricia has become a recognised authority in knitwear innovation, design, and development, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in the industry.
Beyond her leadership at Knovus and KNOLab, Patricia runs a thriving consulting practice, where she creates cutting-edge solutions for a wide range of industries. Her impressive portfolio includes everything from medical devices and furniture to sports accessories and fashion, showcasing her ability to innovate across diverse fields.
Contact Us
90 Grattan Street
Carlton, VIC
Australia
knovus@knovus.com.au
+61 (03) 96121147
Carlton, VIC
Australia
knovus@knovus.com.au
+61 (03) 96121147
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Weft Knit
A method of knitting where yarns are fed into the machine horizontally—across the width of the fabric—to create a series of interlocking loops
A method of knitting where yarns are fed into the machine horizontally—across the width of the fabric—to create a series of interlocking loops
Warp Knit
Warp knitting is the formation of loops in a vertical direction using multiple strands of yarn, with each loop typically made from a separate thread and needle.
Warp knitting is the formation of loops in a vertical direction using multiple strands of yarn, with each loop typically made from a separate thread and needle.
Wale
Vertical columns of stitches in the lengthwise direction of the fabric.
Vertical columns of stitches in the lengthwise direction of the fabric.
Thermal bonding
A process where heat is applied to fuse thermoplastic fibres within a non-woven web, creating bonds at fibre intersections.
A process where heat is applied to fuse thermoplastic fibres within a non-woven web, creating bonds at fibre intersections.
Non-woven
Non-woven fabrics are created by bonding fibres together by various processes, such as mechanical, chemical, and thermal bonding
Non-woven fabrics are created by bonding fibres together by various processes, such as mechanical, chemical, and thermal bonding
Mechanical bonding
A process of creating non-woven fabrics by physically entangling fibres to hold them together.
A process of creating non-woven fabrics by physically entangling fibres to hold them together.
Knit
A textile produced by forming loops of yarn that are interlaced together, either across (weft knitting) or along the length of the fabric (warp knitting).
A textile produced by forming loops of yarn that are interlaced together, either across (weft knitting) or along the length of the fabric (warp knitting).
Flatbed knitting
Refers to the process or method of knitting using a flat, horizontal bed where yarn is fed in the weft direction to form fabric row by row.
Refers to the process or method of knitting using a flat, horizontal bed where yarn is fed in the weft direction to form fabric row by row.
Fibre
The basic raw material used to make yarns and fabrics. It refers to a fine, hair-like strand that can be natural or synthetic and is capable of being spun into thread or yarn.
The basic raw material used to make yarns and fabrics. It refers to a fine, hair-like strand that can be natural or synthetic and is capable of being spun into thread or yarn.
Courses
Horizontal rows of stitches that run widthwise across the knitted fabric
Horizontal rows of stitches that run widthwise across the knitted fabric
Circular knitting machine
Industrial circular-bed knitting machines that create tube-shaped pieces and are often used for larger and faster production. They are commonly used to produce finer knitwear.
Industrial circular-bed knitting machines that create tube-shaped pieces and are often used for larger and faster production. They are commonly used to produce finer knitwear.
Chemical bonding
A process in which fibres are joined together using adhesives or binders—such as resins or latex—that are applied to the fibre web and then cured, typically with heat, to create a stable, unified non-woven fabric structure.
A process in which fibres are joined together using adhesives or binders—such as resins or latex—that are applied to the fibre web and then cured, typically with heat, to create a stable, unified non-woven fabric structure.
Warp thread
The lengthwise yarns that run parallel to the selvedge of a woven textile.
The lengthwise yarns that run parallel to the selvedge of a woven textile.
Weft thread
The crosswise yarns that overlap and underlap the warp yarns are typically perpendicular to the selvedge in woven textiles.
The crosswise yarns that overlap and underlap the warp yarns are typically perpendicular to the selvedge in woven textiles.
Selvedge
The finished edge of a woven textile that runs along the lengthwise sides (parallel to the warp direction).
The finished edge of a woven textile that runs along the lengthwise sides (parallel to the warp direction).
Shima Seiki
A Japanese company founded in 1962, renowned for its advanced computerised flatbed knitting machines, most notably the WHOLEGARMENT® technology, which produces seamless knitwear.
A Japanese company founded in 1962, renowned for its advanced computerised flatbed knitting machines, most notably the WHOLEGARMENT® technology, which produces seamless knitwear.
Gauge
The number of needles per inch on a needle bed.
The number of needles per inch on a needle bed.
Intarsia
A knitting technique used to create patterns or images with distinct blocks of colour, where each area is knitted with a separate yarn source and yarns are not carried across the back, resulting in a flat, single-layered fabric.
A knitting technique used to create patterns or images with distinct blocks of colour, where each area is knitted with a separate yarn source and yarns are not carried across the back, resulting in a flat, single-layered fabric.
Multi-gauge
Knitting with a combination of needle combinations
Knitting with a combination of needle combinations
Complete garment knitting
Complete knitting also known as seamless, or 3D knitting refers to a method of producing complete knitted garments directly on the machine, eliminating or significantly reducing the need for post-knitting assembly such as cutting and sewing.
Complete knitting also known as seamless, or 3D knitting refers to a method of producing complete knitted garments directly on the machine, eliminating or significantly reducing the need for post-knitting assembly such as cutting and sewing.
Fully-fashioned
The shape of a garment piece is formed during knitting by increasing or decreasing stitches, rather than cutting fabric after knitting. This method allows for precise shaping (such as armholes, necklines, or sleeves) and produces pieces that require minimal trimming, resulting in a cleaner finish, less waste, and often a better fit.
The shape of a garment piece is formed during knitting by increasing or decreasing stitches, rather than cutting fabric after knitting. This method allows for precise shaping (such as armholes, necklines, or sleeves) and produces pieces that require minimal trimming, resulting in a cleaner finish, less waste, and often a better fit.
Jacquard
A knitting technique used to create multicolour patterns or motifs by selectively knitting different yarns across a fabric row. Unlike intarsia, jacquard patterns are made by carrying floats (unused yarns) across the back of the fabric, allowing for repeated designs and fine detail.
A knitting technique used to create multicolour patterns or motifs by selectively knitting different yarns across a fabric row. Unlike intarsia, jacquard patterns are made by carrying floats (unused yarns) across the back of the fabric, allowing for repeated designs and fine detail.
Knit programming
The process of creating machine-readable instructions that control computerised knitting machines to produce specific knit structures, patterns, and garments.
The process of creating machine-readable instructions that control computerised knitting machines to produce specific knit structures, patterns, and garments.
Technician
A skilled specialist responsible for the setup, adjustment, operation, and troubleshooting of knitting machinery.
A skilled specialist responsible for the setup, adjustment, operation, and troubleshooting of knitting machinery.
Manufacturer
The company or facility that produces knitted garments or fabric at scale. They manage the full process from programming and sampling to final production, often working with designers, brands, or developers.
The company or facility that produces knitted garments or fabric at scale. They manage the full process from programming and sampling to final production, often working with designers, brands, or developers.
Knit Programmer
A knit programmer is a specialist who translates a design into a machine-executable file using the compatible software for a specific type of knitting machine
A knit programmer is a specialist who translates a design into a machine-executable file using the compatible software for a specific type of knitting machine
Software
In knitting, software refers to the digital tools used to design, simulate, and program knitted fabrics or garments.
In knitting, software refers to the digital tools used to design, simulate, and program knitted fabrics or garments.
Production
The full process of manufacturing knit garments or fabric at scale, using programmed knitting machines. It begins after sampling and programming are finalised, and involves running machines continuously to produce finished pieces ready for linking, seaming, or finishing.
The full process of manufacturing knit garments or fabric at scale, using programmed knitting machines. It begins after sampling and programming are finalised, and involves running machines continuously to produce finished pieces ready for linking, seaming, or finishing.
Specification Sheet
A document that outlines all the technical details and requirements for a knitted product. It includes measurements, yarn types, stitch structures, construction notes, gauge, machine type, and finishing instructions used by manufacturers to ensure consistency and accuracy in production.
A document that outlines all the technical details and requirements for a knitted product. It includes measurements, yarn types, stitch structures, construction notes, gauge, machine type, and finishing instructions used by manufacturers to ensure consistency and accuracy in production.
Yarn feeder/carrier
A moving component in a knitting machine that delivers yarn to the needles during the knitting process.
A moving component in a knitting machine that delivers yarn to the needles during the knitting process.
Needle bed
The needle bed is the component of a knitting machine that holds and guides the needles, allowing them to slide and create stitches.
The needle bed is the component of a knitting machine that holds and guides the needles, allowing them to slide and create stitches.
Stitch
The loop formed by the yarn during the knitting process.
The loop formed by the yarn during the knitting process.
Virtual Simulation
The process of using software (like Shima Seiki APEX) to digitally visualise a knitted fabric or garment.
The process of using software (like Shima Seiki APEX) to digitally visualise a knitted fabric or garment.
Product Development
The end-to-end process of turning a concept into a finished product. It includes design, material selection, programming, sampling, testing, and refining before full-scale production begins.
The end-to-end process of turning a concept into a finished product. It includes design, material selection, programming, sampling, testing, and refining before full-scale production begins.
Cut & Sew
A process where knitted fabric is produced in large panels and then cut and sewn together to create finished garments.
A process where knitted fabric is produced in large panels and then cut and sewn together to create finished garments.
Yarn Type
The material and structure of the yarn, including its fibre content (e.g. cotton, wool), thickness, twist, and whether it's spun or filament.
The material and structure of the yarn, including its fibre content (e.g. cotton, wool), thickness, twist, and whether it's spun or filament.
Tension
The size of the knitted loops and the takedown pressure applied during knitting.
The size of the knitted loops and the takedown pressure applied during knitting.
Speed
The rate at which the knitting machine operates.
The rate at which the knitting machine operates.
Take-down mechanism
This mechanism maintains fabric tension during knitting using roller systems or pull-down mechanisms.
This mechanism maintains fabric tension during knitting using roller systems or pull-down mechanisms.
Drape
The way a fabric hangs and flows when worn or handled.
The way a fabric hangs and flows when worn or handled.
Stitch density
The total number of loops in a measured area of fabric (such as a square inch or three square centimetres).
The total number of loops in a measured area of fabric (such as a square inch or three square centimetres).
Pattern resolution
The level of detail and clarity a knitted pattern can achieve is determined by the stitch size, gauge, and machine capability.
The level of detail and clarity a knitted pattern can achieve is determined by the stitch size, gauge, and machine capability.
Carriage
A movable component of a knitting machine that guides the yarn carrier across the needle bed to deliver yarn to the selected needles, producing the knitted fabric.
A movable component of a knitting machine that guides the yarn carrier across the needle bed to deliver yarn to the selected needles, producing the knitted fabric.
Machine gauge
The spacing of the needles on the needle bed (usually as needles per inch)
The spacing of the needles on the needle bed (usually as needles per inch)
Yarn Count
The yarn count number indicates the linear density (yarn diameter or fineness) to which that particular yarn has been spun
The yarn count number indicates the linear density (yarn diameter or fineness) to which that particular yarn has been spun
Stock service
A yarn stock service provides ready-to-shop yarns, often in a variety of colours, to customers.
A yarn stock service provides ready-to-shop yarns, often in a variety of colours, to customers.
Natural fibre
A fibre obtained from plants, animals, or minerals that can be spun into threads or yarns such as cotton, wool, silk, or flax.
A fibre obtained from plants, animals, or minerals that can be spun into threads or yarns such as cotton, wool, silk, or flax.
Synthetic fibre
A man-made fibre produced by polymerisation, a chemical process that combines small molecules into polymers; examples include polyester, nylon, and acrylic.
A man-made fibre produced by polymerisation, a chemical process that combines small molecules into polymers; examples include polyester, nylon, and acrylic.
Regenerated (semi-synthetic) fibre
A fibre derived from natural resources that has undergone an intensive chemical transformation process.
A fibre derived from natural resources that has undergone an intensive chemical transformation process.
Full gauge
Knitting with every needle.
Knitting with every needle.
Half gauge
Knitting with every second needle
Knitting with every second needle
The Direct System
The Direct System yarn count is the WEIGHT of a FIXED LENGTH of yarn (Weight per unit Length).
The Direct System yarn count is the WEIGHT of a FIXED LENGTH of yarn (Weight per unit Length).
The Indirect System
The LENGTH of a FIXED WEIGHT of yarn (Length per unit Weight).
The LENGTH of a FIXED WEIGHT of yarn (Length per unit Weight).
Numero metric (Nm)
Length in meters per 1 gram of mass.
Length in meters per 1 gram of mass.
Tex (tex)
Mass of yarn in grams per 1000 meters length.
Mass of yarn in grams per 1000 meters length.
Denier (den) fibre
Mass of yarn in grams for length of 9000 metres
Mass of yarn in grams for length of 9000 metres
Decitex (text)
Grams per 10,000 metres (10 kilometres)
Grams per 10,000 metres (10 kilometres)
English Cotton Count (ECC or Ne) fibre
Number of 840 yards of strands per 1 English pound of mass
Number of 840 yards of strands per 1 English pound of mass
Tech pack
The technical documentation that is created for garment or textile products. It contains flat sketches, material specifications, dimensions, instructions, and everything else the manufacturer needs to create products accurately.
The technical documentation that is created for garment or textile products. It contains flat sketches, material specifications, dimensions, instructions, and everything else the manufacturer needs to create products accurately.
Flatbed knitting machine
Industrial knitting machinery that has needle beds that sit flat, in a 'V' formation. The yarn passes across the needle bed horizontally.
Industrial knitting machinery that has needle beds that sit flat, in a 'V' formation. The yarn passes across the needle bed horizontally.
Microbial cellulose
A natural, biodegradable biopolymer synthesised by various bacteria.
A natural, biodegradable biopolymer synthesised by various bacteria.
Stitch Cams
A shaped mechanical component within the knitting machine’s cam system that controls how far needles move downward to form loops. It determines the loop length (stitch size), affecting fabric density and texture.
A shaped mechanical component within the knitting machine’s cam system that controls how far needles move downward to form loops. It determines the loop length (stitch size), affecting fabric density and texture.
System
A system refers to a complete yarn-feeding and needle-activating unit within the carriage that forms stitches independently during a knitting pass.
A system refers to a complete yarn-feeding and needle-activating unit within the carriage that forms stitches independently during a knitting pass.
Auto yarn feeders
A motorised yarn feeder that moves independently of the carriage, allowing yarn changes without requiring extra carriage passes.
A motorised yarn feeder that moves independently of the carriage, allowing yarn changes without requiring extra carriage passes.
Linker
A machine that joins knit panels stitch by stitch with high precision, producing fine seams and allowing edge-to-edge construction with excellent visibility and control.
A machine that joins knit panels stitch by stitch with high precision, producing fine seams and allowing edge-to-edge construction with excellent visibility and control.
Cup seamer
A machine that joins knit pieces using the knitting yarn and a secondary thread (typically cotton), producing strong seams quickly, where high precision is not required.
Overlocker
An overlocker is a sewing machine that trims the fabric edge and stitches over it in one step, creating strong, neat, stretchable seams.
An overlocker is a sewing machine that trims the fabric edge and stitches over it in one step, creating strong, neat, stretchable seams.
Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics are formed by interlacing two distinct sets of yarns at right angles to one another. This process is typically performed on a loom and involves:
Woven fabrics are formed by interlacing two distinct sets of yarns at right angles to one another. This process is typically performed on a loom and involves:
The Warp: The yarns that run vertically (lengthwise) and are held under tension on the loom.
The Weft: The yarns that run horizontally (crosswise) and are woven over and under the warp yarns.
